Duh, udah kelar 4hari training tapi baru post materi hari pertama :(, mana besok ada kuisnya lagi. Sempetin dah ngerangkum materi training hari ke-2, lagian tadi udah minta soft copy nya jadi bisa kerjain di rumah, abis bawa2 bukunya berat banget bookk…
Ringkasan Materi Hari ke-2
Creating RFQs
If you request quotations from several vendors, you must create an RFQ document in the system for each vendor.
You can enter and compare the quotation prices in a quotation price comparison list (ME49). The quotation price comparison list displays the best quotation for each material. The system also determines the best overall quotation.
You can save useful quotation data for a material in a purchasing info record. The info record can be created automatically by setting the Info update indicator during quotation maintenance in the item detail.
Purchasing Info Records (ME11)
The purchasing info record helps to define vendor-specific information for a material
Dengan memaintain Purchasing Info Record kita bisa melakukan vendor comparison untuk mencari vendor terbaik berdasarkan kriteria2 tertentu.
Tcode-tcode yang terkait:
ME61 – Maintain Vendor Evaluation
ME64 – Evaluation Comparison
ME49 – Price Comparison
You can define the following information in info records:
• Current and future prices and conditions (for example, freight and discounts)
• Delivery data (for example, planned delivery time and overdelivery and underdelivery tolerances)
• Vendor data (for example, contact person) and vendor-specific data about the material (such as the endor subrange to which the material belongs, description of material at vendor)
• Number of the last purchase order
• Texts.
In the standard system, the following type of texts are set in the purchasing info record:
– Internal info memo record: This is an internal comment that is copied to the purchase order item. This text is not printed.
– PO text in the purchasing info record: This is used to describe the PO item. It is copied to the purchase order item and printed.
You can configure other types of text.
Pengaruh dari ada atau tidaknya info record dapat dilihat pada bagan di bawah ini :
Material Valuation – General
The material valuation determines and maintains the stock value of a material. The following formula is used to calculate the stock value:
Stock value = stock quantity * material price
Material valuation demonstrates a connection between Materials Management (MM) and Financial Accounting (FI) because material valuation accesses G/L accounts in Financial Accounting and updates them.
Material valuation is essentially controlled by two factors:
• System setting (Customizing)
• Material master record
Material Valuation Level terbagi menjadi 2 :
1. Company Level
2. Plant Level (recommended by SAP)
Untuk maintain GL account apa yang akan terbentuk pada saat terjadi movement terhadap suatu material, dilakukan melalui MM01- Material Master Record –-> view: Accounting Data
Untuk maintain Valuation Class di lakukan melalui tcode SPRO
Untuk menghitung material valuation tergantung pada Price Controlnya. Price Control terbagi 2 :
1. Standard Price
–> Total value = standard price (per base unit of measure) * total stock
2. Moving Average Price
–> total stock value / total stock quantity
Contoh simulasi perhitungan antara standard cost dan moving average cost dapat di lihat pada bagan di bawah ini :
Valuation for standard price
-
Valuation for moving average price
Stock Overview and Stock Types
Stock Overview
You can post a goods receipt for the warehouse into three stock types:
• Unrestricted-use stock (no usage restrictions)
• Quality inspection stock (available from an MRP perspective, but no withdrawals are possible for consumption)
• Blocked stock (not usually available from an MRP perspective and no withdrawals are possible for consumption)
Transfer Posting
You can post withdrawals for consumption only from unrestricted-use stock. From quality inspection stock and blocked stock, you can withdraw only one sample, scrap a quantity, or post an inventory difference.
If you want to withdraw goods from blocked stock or quality inspection stock for consumption, you first have to carry out a transfer posting to unrestricted-use stock. You use the movement type to control the stock types involved in the transfer.
Transfer Posting
Efek dari Goods Receipt dapat di gambarkan sbb:
Consumable Material
In SAP R/3 the term “consumable material” is understood to cover a material that is subject to a procurement transaction and whose value is recorded in the cost element or asset accounts. Consumable material is thus procured directly for an account assignment object.
Examples of consumable materials are office supplies and computer systems or machines.
When a material is procured directly for “consumption”, no material master record is necessary.
In connection with consumable materials, you can distinguish between the following cases:
• Consumable material without material master record
• Consumable material with material master record that is not subject to inventory management (on either a quantity or value basis)
• Consumable material with material master record that is subject to inventory management on a quantity, but not a value, basis
Ada 2 material type untuk consumption :
1. Non valuated material (UNBW)
This type of material is managed on a quantity basis, but not on a value basis.
2. Non stock material (NLAG)
Inventory management is not possible for these materials either on a quantity or value basis.
Account Assignment
You MUST enter an account assignment (on PO or PR) for an item under the following circumstances:
• If a material that is not subject to inventory management is ordered. It follows that such material is posted directly to consumption (“pure” consumable material).
• If an article for which no material master record exists is ordered
• If an external service is ordered
Berikut adalah perbedaan antara stock account dengan consumption account dalam hubungannya dengan G/L account (account assignment-nya)
Stock vs Consumption Account related to Account Assignment
Perbandingan antara stock account dan comsumption account dapat di lihat seperti gambar di bawah ini :
Pada saat Good Receipt perbandingan antara stock material dengan consumable material adalah sbb:
The goods receipt and GR non-valuated indicators are in the following locations:
• in the purchase order in the item detail on the Delivery tab
• in the purchase requisition in the item detail on the Valuation tab
Automated Procurement
Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
MRP in the Procurement Process
The procurement cycle can be simplified at different points by automating the individual steps. This process starts with the determination of requirements. You can create purchase requisitions with MRP so that you do not have to manually enter them in the system.
The following MRP procedures are available in consumption-based planning:
• Reorder point planning
• Forecast-based planning
• Time-phased planning
Untuk mengenerate MRP bisa di lakukan melalui :
1. MD01 – for MRP total planning
2. MD02 – untuk material yang ada BOMnya
3. MD03 – untuk material yang tidakada BOMnya (single object planning)
Untuk melihat hasilnya MD04-Stock/Requirement List
Untuk monitoring MRP –> MD06 dan MD07
Untuk menjalankan automatic PO minimal harus maintain :
1. MRP data di Material Master
2. Maintain Source List (ME01)
3. Automatic PO di centang ( di vendor or di material master –> hirarkinya akan lihat ke material dulu)
Automatic Source Determination in the Procurement Process
Sources of Supply and Source Determination
A source of supply can be both a vendor (external supplier) and one of your enterprise’s own plants.
Automatic Generation of Purchase Orders (ME59)
You can convert a purchase requisition item that is assigned to a source of supply into a purchase order with automatic generation of purchase orders. A purchase requisition item with assigned source of supply contains all information (such as vendor and price) that the system requires to convert the purchase order.
For the automatic conversion of purchase requisitions into purchase orders, the following prerequisites must have been fulfilled:
• In the material master record, the Automatic PO indicator must be set (Purchasing data).
• In the vendor master record, the Automatic PO indicator must be set.
• The purchase requisition item must have a valid source of supply assigned to it.
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